Ci gaban jigilar ruwa ta kwantena a cikin gida a China
Matakin Farko na Sufurin Kwantena na Cikin Gida
Jirgin ruwa na cikin gida na China ya fara ne tun da wuri. A shekarun 1950, an riga an fara amfani da kwantena na katako don jigilar kaya tsakanin Tashar Jiragen Ruwa ta Shanghai da Tashar Jiragen Ruwa ta Dalian.
A shekarun 1970, an shigar da kwantena na ƙarfe—musamman waɗanda nauyinsu ya kai tan 5 da tan 10—a cikin tsarin jirgin ƙasa kuma a hankali aka faɗaɗa su zuwa jigilar kaya ta teku.
Duk da haka, saboda wasu dalilai masu iyakancewa kamar:
• Babban kuɗin aiki
• Rashin ci gaba da yawan aiki
• Iyakantaccen damar kasuwa
• Rashin isasshen buƙata ta cikin gida
Haɓaka Sufurin Kwantena na Cikin Gida Mai Daidaito
Ci gaba da zurfafa gyare-gyare da bude kofa a kasar Sin, tare da gyare-gyaren tsarin tattalin arziki, ya kara habaka ci gaban cinikayyar shigo da kaya da fitar da kayayyaki a kasar.
Sufurin kwantena ya fara bunƙasa, musamman a yankunan bakin teku, inda aka ƙara bunƙasa buƙatun kayayyakin more rayuwa da sufuri.
Faɗaɗa ayyukan kwantena na cinikin ƙasashen waje ya haifar da yanayi mai kyau don ci gaban kasuwar jigilar kwantena ta cikin gida, yana mai cewa:
• Kwarewa mai mahimmanci a aiki
• Cibiyoyin sadarwa masu faɗi na sufuri
• Dandalin bayanai masu ƙarfi
Wani muhimmin ci gaba ya faru a ranar 16 ga Disamba, 1996, lokacin da jirgin ruwan kwantenoni na farko da aka tsara a kasar Sin, wato "Fengshun", ya tashi daga tashar jiragen ruwa ta Xiamen dauke da kwantena na kasa da kasa na yau da kullun. Wannan lamari ya nuna farkon jigilar kwantena na cikin gida a tashoshin jiragen ruwa na kasar Sin.
Halayen jigilar kwantena na jiragen ruwa na kasuwancin cikin gida sun haɗa da:
01. Ingantaccen aiki
Sufurin kwantena yana ba da damar loda kaya da sauke su cikin sauri, yana rage yawan jigilar kaya da sarrafawa, kuma yana inganta ingancin sufuri gabaɗaya. A lokaci guda, girman kwantena da aka daidaita yana ba da damar daidaita jiragen ruwa da wuraren tashar jiragen ruwa, wanda ke ƙara inganta ingancin sufuri.
02. Tattalin arziki
Sufurin kwantena ta teku yawanci ya fi rahusa fiye da jigilar ƙasa. Musamman ga kayayyaki masu yawa da jigilar kaya daga teku, jigilar kwantena ta teku na iya rage farashin sufuri sosai.
03. Tsaro
Akwatin yana da ƙarfi da kuma aikin rufewa, wanda zai iya kare kayan daga lalacewar muhallin waje yadda ya kamata. A lokaci guda kuma, matakan tsaro yayin jigilar kaya a teku suna tabbatar da jigilar kayayyaki lafiya.
04. Sassauci
Sufurin kwantena yana sauƙaƙa jigilar kayayyaki daga wannan tashar zuwa wancan, yana tabbatar da haɗin kai mai kyau na jigilar kayayyaki iri-iri. Wannan sassauci yana ba jigilar kwantena na cikin gida damar daidaitawa da buƙatun jigilar kayayyaki daban-daban.
05. Kare Muhalli
Idan aka kwatanta da sufurin jiragen ruwa, jigilar kwantena na ruwa yana da ƙarancin hayakin carbon, wanda ke taimakawa wajen rage gurɓatar muhalli. Bugu da ƙari, jigilar kwantena na rage samar da sharar marufi, wanda ke da amfani ga kare muhalli.
| Hanyoyin Kudancin China | Tashoshin Jiragen Ruwa na Zuwa | Lokacin Sufuri |
| Shanghai - Guangzhou | Guangzhou (ta hanyar Nansha Phase IV, Shekou, Zhongshan, Xiaolan, Zhuhai International Terminal, Xinhui, Shunde, Nan’an, Heshan, Huadu, Longgui, Sanjiao, Zhaoqing, Xinhui, Fanyu, Gongyi, Yueping) | Kwanaki 3 |
| Shanghai - Dongguan Intl. | Dongguan (ta Haikou, Jiangmen, Yangjiang, Leliu, Tongde, Zhongshan, Xiaolan, Zhuhai Terminal, Xinhui, Shunde, Nan’an, Heshan, Huadu, Longgui, Sanjiao, Zhaoqing, Xinhui, Gongyi, Yueping) | Kwanaki 3 |
| Shanghai - Xiamen | Xiamen (ta hanyar Quanzhou, Fuqing, Fuzhou, Chaozhou, Shantou, Xuwen, Yangpu, Zhanjiang, Beihai, Fangcheng, Tieshan, Jieyang) | Kwanaki 3 |
| Taicang - Jieyang | Jieyang | Kwanaki 5 |
| Taicang - Zhanjiang | Zhanjiang | Kwanaki 5 |
| Taicang - Haikou | Haikou | Kwanaki 7 |
| Hanyoyin Arewacin China | Tashoshin Jiragen Ruwa na Zuwa | Lokacin Sufuri |
| Shanghai/Taicang - Yingkou | Yingkou | Kwanaki 2.5 |
| Shanghai - Jintang | Jingtang (ta Tianjin) | Kwanaki 2.5 |
| Shanghai Luojing - Tianjin | Tianjin (ta hanyar Tashar Jiragen Ruwa ta Pacific) | Kwanaki 2.5 |
| Shanghai - Dalian | Dalian | Kwanaki 2.5 |
| Shanghai - Qingdao | Qingdao (ta hanyar Rizhao, kuma yana haɗi zuwa Yantai, Dalian, Weifang, Weihai, da Weifang) | Kwanaki 2.5 |
| Hanyoyin Kogin Yangtze | Tashoshin Jiragen Ruwa na Zuwa | Lokacin Sufuri |
| Taicang - Wuhan | Wuhan | Kwanaki 7-8 |
| Taicang - Chongqing | Chongqing (ta hanyar Jiujiang, Yichang, Luzhou, Chongqing, Yibin) | Kwanaki 20 |
Kamfanin jigilar kwantena na cikin gida na yanzu ya sami cikakken iko a duk faɗin yankunan bakin teku na China da manyan kwaruruka. Duk hanyoyin da aka kafa suna aiki ne bisa tsarin da aka tsara. Manyan kamfanonin jigilar kaya na cikin gida da ke da hannu a jigilar kwantena na bakin teku da na koguna sun haɗa da: Jirgin Zhonggu, COSCO, Jirgin Sinfeng, da Antong Holdings.
Tashar jiragen ruwa ta Taicang ta ƙaddamar da ayyukan jigilar kaya kai tsaye zuwa tashoshin jiragen ruwa a Fuyang, Fengyang, Huaibin, Jiujiang, da Nanchang, yayin da kuma ta ƙara yawan hanyoyin sufuri masu inganci zuwa Suqian. Waɗannan ci gaban sun ƙarfafa haɗin kai da manyan wuraren jigilar kaya a lardunan Anhui, Henan, da Jiangxi. An sami ci gaba mai yawa wajen faɗaɗa kasancewar kasuwa a tsakiyar ɓangaren Kogin Yangtze.
Nau'ikan Kwantena da Aka Fi Sani a Jigilar Kwantena ta Cikin Gida
Bayanan Kwantena:
• 20GP (Kwantenar ƙafa 20 ta Janar)
• Girman Ciki: 5.95 × 2.34 × 2.38 m
• Matsakaicin Nauyin Jimilla: tan 27
• Ƙarar da za a iya amfani da ita: 24–26 CBM
• Laƙabi: "Ƙaramin Kwantena"
• 40GP (Jimla mai tsawon ƙafa 40)
• Girman Ciki: 11.95 × 2.34 × 2.38 m
• Matsakaicin Nauyin Jimilla: tan 26
• Ƙarar da za a iya amfani da ita: kimanin 54 CBM
• Laƙabi: "Kwantenar da Aka Saba"
• 40HQ (Babban akwati mai tsawon ƙafa 40)
• Girman Ciki: 11.95 × 2.34 × 2.68 m
• Matsakaicin Nauyin Jimilla: tan 26
• Ƙarar da za a iya amfani da ita: kimanin 68 CBM
• Laƙabi: "Babban Kwantena Mai Cube"
Shawarwarin Aikace-aikace:
• 20GP ya dace da manyan kaya kamar tayal, katako, ƙurajen filastik, da sinadarai masu ɗauke da ganguna.
• 40GP / 40HQ sun fi dacewa da kaya masu sauƙi ko masu yawa, ko kayayyaki masu takamaiman buƙatu na girma, kamar zare na roba, kayan marufi, kayan daki, ko sassan injina.
Inganta Kayan Aiki: Daga Shanghai zuwa Guangdong
Da farko abokin cinikinmu yana amfani da jigilar kaya daga Shanghai zuwa Guangdong don isar da kayayyaki daga Guangdong. Kowace babbar mota mai tsawon mita 13 tana ɗaukar tan 33 na kaya akan farashin RMB 9,000 a kowace tafiya, tare da lokacin jigilar kaya na kwanaki 2.
Bayan mun canza zuwa ingantaccen tsarin jigilar kaya na teku, yanzu ana jigilar kayan ta amfani da kwantena 40HQ, kowannensu yana ɗauke da tan 26. Sabon kuɗin jigilar kaya shine RMB 5,800 a kowace akwati, kuma lokacin jigilar kaya shine kwanaki 6.
Daga hangen farashi, jigilar kaya ta teku ta rage yawan kuɗaɗen jigilar kaya sosai—daga RMB 272 a kowace tan zuwa RMB 223 a kowace tan—wanda hakan ya haifar da tanadin kusan RMB 49 a kowace tan.
Dangane da lokaci, jigilar ruwa tana ɗaukar tsawon kwanaki 4 fiye da jigilar hanya. Wannan yana buƙatar abokin ciniki ya yi gyare-gyare masu dacewa a cikin tsara kaya da jadawalin samarwa don guje wa duk wani cikas ga ayyuka.
Kammalawa:
Idan abokin ciniki bai buƙaci isar da kaya cikin gaggawa ba kuma zai iya tsara samarwa da kaya a gaba, tsarin jigilar kaya na teku yana gabatar da mafita mafi inganci, kwanciyar hankali, kuma mai kyau ga muhalli.