Haɓaka sufurin kwantena na cikin gida a ƙasar Sin
Matsayin Farko na Sufurin Kwantena na Gida
Jirgin ruwa na cikin gida na kasar Sin ya fara da wuri da wuri. A cikin shekarun 1950, an riga an yi amfani da kwantena na katako don jigilar kaya tsakanin tashar jiragen ruwa ta Shanghai da tashar Dalian.
A cikin shekarun 1970s, an shigar da kwantena na karfe-musamman a cikin ƙayyadaddun tan 5-ton da 10-ton-a cikin tsarin layin dogo kuma a hankali aka faɗaɗa cikin jigilar ruwa.
Koyaya, saboda dalilai masu iyakancewa da yawa kamar:
• Babban farashin aiki
• Rashin haɓaka yawan aiki
• Ƙimar kasuwa mai iyaka
• Rashin isassun buƙatun cikin gida
Tashi na Ingantattun Sufuri na Kwantena na Gida
Ci gaba da zurfafa yin gyare-gyare da bude kofa ga kasashen waje da kasar Sin ke yi, tare da gyare-gyaren tsarin tattalin arziki, ya sa kaimi ga bunkasuwar cinikayyar shigo da kayayyaki ta kasar Sin sosai.
Jirgin kwantena ya fara bunƙasa, musamman a yankunan bakin teku, inda aka fi haɓaka abubuwan more rayuwa da buƙatun kayan aiki.
Fadada ayyukan kwantena na kasuwancin waje ya haifar da yanayi mai kyau don haɓaka kasuwar jigilar kwantena ta cikin gida, tana ba da:
Ƙwarewar aiki mai ƙima
• Faɗin hanyoyin sadarwa
• Tsarukan bayanai masu ƙarfi
Wani muhimmin muhimmin abu ya faru ne a ranar 16 ga Disamba, 1996, lokacin da jirgin ruwan "Fengshun" ya tashi daga tashar jiragen ruwa ta Xiamen dauke da manyan kwantena na kasa da kasa.
Halayen sufurin kwantena na cinikin cikin gida sun haɗa da:
01. Babban inganci
Sufuri na kwantena yana ba da damar yin lodi da sauke kaya cikin sauri, yana rage yawan zirga-zirga da sarrafawa, kuma yana haɓaka ingancin sufuri gabaɗaya. A lokaci guda, daidaitaccen girman kwantena yana ba da damar jiragen ruwa da wuraren tashar jiragen ruwa su kasance mafi dacewa da su, ƙara haɓaka haɓakar sufuri.
02. Tattalin arziki
Kasuwancin kwantena ta teku yawanci ya fi na sufurin ƙasa tattalin arziki. Musamman ga manyan kayayyaki da sufuri na nesa, jigilar kwantena na ruwa na iya rage farashin sufuri sosai.
03. Tsaro
Kwancen yana da tsari mai ƙarfi da aikin rufewa, wanda zai iya kare kaya yadda ya kamata daga lalacewar yanayin waje. Har ila yau, matakan tsaro a lokacin sufurin ruwa suna tabbatar da jigilar kayayyaki cikin aminci.
04. Sassauci
Jirgin jigilar kayayyaki yana sa ya dace don jigilar kayayyaki daga wannan tashar jiragen ruwa zuwa waccan, fahimtar haɗin kai na jigilar kayayyaki da yawa. Wannan sassauci yana ba da damar jigilar kwantena na cikin gida don dacewa da buƙatun dabaru daban-daban.
05. Kariyar muhalli
Idan aka kwatanta da zirga-zirgar ababen hawa, sufurin kwantena na teku yana da ƙarancin hayaƙin carbon, wanda ke taimakawa wajen rage gurɓacewar muhalli. Bugu da ƙari, jigilar kwantena kuma yana rage haɓakar daɗaɗɗen marufi, wanda ke da amfani ga kare muhalli.
| Hanyar Kudancin China | Mashigai Tashoshi | Lokacin wucewa |
| Shanghai - Guangzhou | Guangzhou (ta hanyar Nansha Phase IV, Shekou, Zhongshan, Xiaolan, Zhuhai International Terminal, Xinhui, Shunde, Nan’an, Heshan, Huadu, Longgui, Sanjiao, Zhaoqing, Xinhui, Fanyu, Gongyi, Yueping) | Kwanaki 3 |
| Shanghai - Dongguan Intl. | Dongguan (ta Haikou, Jiangmen, Yangjiang, Leliu, Tongde, Zhongshan, Xiaolan, Zhuhai Terminal, Xinhui, Shunde, Nan’an, Heshan, Huadu, Longgui, Sanjiao, Zhaoqing, Xinhui, Gongyi, Yueping) | Kwanaki 3 |
| Shanghai - Xiamen | Xiamen (ta hanyar Quanzhou, Fuqing, Fuzhou, Chaozhou, Shantou, Xuwen, Yangpu, Zhanjiang, Beihai, Fangcheng, Tieshan, Jieyang) | Kwanaki 3 |
| Taicang - Jieyang | Jieyang | Kwanaki 5 |
| Taicang - Zhanjiang | Zanjiang | Kwanaki 5 |
| Taicang - Haikou | Haikou | Kwanaki 7 |
| Hanyoyin Arewacin China | Mashigai Tashoshi | Lokacin wucewa |
| Shanghai/Taicang - Yingkou | Yingkou | 2.5 kwana |
| Shanghai - Jintang | Jingtang (ta Tianjin) | 2.5 kwana |
| Shanghai Luojing - Tianjin | Tianjin (ta hanyar tashar jiragen ruwa ta Pacific International) | 2.5 kwana |
| Shanghai - Dalian | Dalian | 2.5 kwana |
| Shanghai - Qingdao | Qingdao (ta hanyar Rizhao, kuma yana haɗi zuwa Yantai, Dalian, Weifang, Weihai, da Weifang) | 2.5 kwana |
| Hanyoyin Kogin Yangtze | Mashigai Tashoshi | Lokacin wucewa |
| Taicang - Wuhan | Wuhan | 7-8 kwanaki |
| Taicang - Chongqing | Chongqing (ta hanyar Jiujiang, Yichang, Luzhou, Chongqing, Yibin) | Kwanaki 20 |
Aikin jigilar kwantena na cikin gida a halin yanzu ya sami cikakkiyar nasara a duk yankunan bakin teku na kasar Sin da manyan rafukan koguna. Duk hanyoyin da aka kafa suna aiki akan barga, sabis na layin layi. Manyan kamfanonin jigilar kayayyaki na cikin gida da ke gudanar da jigilar kwantena na bakin teku da kogin sun hada da: Shipping Zhonggu, COSCO, Sinfeng Shipping, da Antong Holdings.
Taicang Port ya ƙaddamar da sabis na jigilar kayayyaki kai tsaye zuwa tashoshi a Fuyang, Fengyang, Huaibin, Jiujiang, da Nanchang, yayin da kuma ƙara yawan manyan hanyoyin zuwa Suqian. Waɗannan ci gaban sun ƙarfafa haɗin kai tare da mahimman wuraren jigilar kaya a lardunan Anhui, Henan, da Jiangxi. An sami babban ci gaba wajen faɗaɗa kasancewar kasuwa tare da tsakiyar ɓangaren kogin Yangtze.
Nau'o'in kwantena gama gari a cikin jigilar Jigilar cikin Gida
Ƙayyadaddun kwantena:
• 20GP (Gabaɗaya Manufar Kwantena mai ƙafa 20)
• Girman ciki: 5.95 × 2.34 × 2.38 m
• Matsakaicin Babban Nauyi: 27 ton
• Ƙarfin Mai Amfani: 24-26 CBM
• Laƙabi: "Ƙananan Kwantena"
• 40GP (Gabaɗaya Manufar Kwantena mai ƙafa 40)
• Girman ciki: 11.95 × 2.34 × 2.38 m
• Matsakaicin Babban Nauyi: 26 ton
Ƙarar mai amfani: kusan. 54 CBM
• Laƙabi: "Tsarin Kwantena"
• 40HQ (Babban Cube mai ƙafa 40)
• Girman ciki: 11.95 × 2.34 × 2.68 m
• Matsakaicin Babban Nauyi: 26 ton
Ƙarar mai amfani: kusan. 68 CBM
• Laƙabi: "Babban Kwantenan Cube"
Shawarwari na Aikace-aikace:
• 20GP ya dace da kaya masu nauyi kamar tayal, katako, pellet ɗin filastik, da sinadarai masu cike da ganga.
• 40GP / 40HQ sun fi dacewa da kaya masu nauyi ko nauyi, ko kaya tare da takamaiman buƙatun ƙira, kamar fiber na roba, kayan marufi, kayan daki, ko sassan injina.
Haɓaka Saji: Daga Shanghai zuwa Guangdong
Abokinmu na asali ya yi amfani da jigilar hanya don isar da kayayyaki daga Shanghai zuwa Guangdong. Kowace motar dakon kaya mai tsawon mita 13 na daukar kaya tan 33 akan kudi RMB 9,000 a kowace tafiya, tare da yin jigilar kwanaki 2.
Bayan canzawa zuwa ingantaccen hanyar sufurin teku, yanzu ana jigilar kaya ta amfani da kwantena 40HQ, kowanne yana ɗauke da tan 26. Sabuwar farashin kayan aiki shine RMB 5,800 akan kowace akwati, kuma lokacin wucewa shine kwanaki 6.
Ta fuskar farashi, sufurin teku yana rage kashe kuɗaɗen dabaru—daga RMB 272 akan kowace ton zuwa RMB 223 akan kowace tan-wanda ya haifar da tanadin kusan RMB 49 akan kowace ton.
Dangane da lokaci, sufurin teku yana ɗaukar kwanaki 4 fiye da jigilar hanya. Wannan yana buƙatar abokin ciniki ya yi daidaitattun gyare-gyare a cikin tsara ƙira da jadawalin samarwa don guje wa duk wani cikas ga ayyuka.
Ƙarshe:
Idan abokin ciniki baya buƙatar isar da gaggawa kuma yana iya tsara samarwa da hajoji a gaba, ƙirar jigilar teku tana ba da ƙarin farashi mai inganci, kwanciyar hankali, da mafita na kayan aikin muhalli.